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Information about Toad

A toad is an animal in the order Anura of the class  [Monte Verde Toad.jpg]
Amphibia. Although there are characteristics which
distinguish frogs from toads those distinctions do not form the basis for
any broad scientific differentiation between the two.

Toads are a group of tailless amphibians of stout build, with more or less
warty skin. The true toads are in the order Bufonidae. The type of the
family is the Common Toad, Bufo bufo, and round it cluster a large number of
species of the same genus, and some smaller genera.

That the shape of the body is not a safe guide in judging of amphibian
groups is shown by certain species, such as Bufo jerboa, which in its
slender form and extremely long limbs surpasses the typical frogs, whilst on
the other hand, some true frogs (Rana), adapted to burrowing habits, are
absolutely toad-like. The Bufonidae include terrestrial, burrowing,
thoroughly aquatic and arboreal types; Rhinophrynus, of Mexico, may be
described as an anteater.

The genus Bufo embraces about 100 species, and is represented in nearly
every part of the world except the Australian region (with the exception of
the introduced Cane Toad (Bufo marinus), Madagascar and nearly all other
islands.

Two species are found in the British Isles: the Common Toad, Bufo bufo, and
the Natterjack Toad, Bufo calamita. The former is found almost everywhere.

The Natterjack, which differs in its shorter limbs with nearly free toes
(which are so short that the toad never hops but proceeds in a running gait)
and in usually possessing orange/red warts, green eyes & a pale yellow line
along the middle of the back, is local in England, the south-west of
Scotland, and the west of Ireland.

It is further remarkable for the very loud croak of the males, produced by a
large vocal bladder on the throat which, when inflated, is larger than the
head. Toads lay their eggs in long strings, forming double files in
straight, jelly-like tubes.

Toads and the preservation of their habitat play an important role in Carl
Hiaasen's 1999 novel Sick Puppy.

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